Friday, November 29, 2019

Organization and Behavior Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"Organizational behavior is a field of survey that investigates the impact that persons. groups and construction have on behaviors within organisation for the intent of using such cognition toward bettering an organization’s effectivity. † – Stephen P. Robbins ( Magicman. 2011 ) . An organisation has its ain different types in which are set up to function figure of intents and to run into a assortment of demands. It comes in all signifiers. form. and sizes and considered to hold MOPS. Analyzing Organization and Behaviour enables the approaching directors. which are the concern pupils. to go more competitory and effectual at their hereafter occupations. It is besides an of import construct for any organisation. since it deals with the three determiners of behaviour in an organisation: Persons. Groups. and Structure. Analyzing this construct will assist the organisation to better and alter the persons. groups and organisational behaviour to achieve each ends. Organizational Structure and Culture * Organization does non be independently but is unfastened to. We will write a custom essay sample on Organization and Behavior Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and in continual interaction with. the broader external environment of which it is portion. * A major determiner of an organization’s construction is its civilization. * The permeant nature of civilization in footings of both external influences and ‘how things are done around here’ and common values. beliefs and attitudes will hold a important consequence on organisational procedures including the design of construction. * The construction of work organisations besides involves the wider context of social constructions and civilizations. 1. 1 Compare and contrast different organisational construction and civilization. As portion of this research. we were informed to detect and measure the public presentation of the two popular fast nutrient ironss viz. : Jollibee and McDonalds. Therefore. the undermentioned diagrams and charts are the consequence of the said rating. Figure 1 Hierarchal Structure of McDo Figure 2 Hierarchal Structure of Jollibee Given the diagrams above. it is clear that both companies have formal organisational constructions. However. there are some differences between them. Explain the differences between two different organisation structures/charts. M2 Both companies are similar in that they do understand and pattern employee authorization although the grade of success may change. The authorization provides the footing for a more participative civilization. Employees are tasked in smaller groups to take on challenge to work out jobs. However. Mcdonalds seems to hold a taller hierarchy than Jollibee’s. This is because of their signifier of concern is said to be franchised and so they have their proprietor operator and a 2 helper directors. It can be besides affected by the civilization created by the American laminitis named. Ray Kroc. It doesn’t mean that Mcdo has a non so good communicating but that’s their position where they think their direction works all the clip. Unlike Jollibee that has a shorter hierarchy. has a better communicating compared to Mcdo’s because it is easy for them to seek and speak easy to the upper an d lower places. It besides tackles less clip to pass on with one another. Second is the span of control. Jollibee has a few span of direction compared to Mcdo. which gives a strong grade of decentalisation within the degrees of its hierarchy. 1. 2 Explain how the relationship between an organization’s construction and civilization can impact on the public presentation of the concern. Figure [ 3 ] Span of Control Impact of Culture and Structure on the public presentation Jollibee’s civilization is said to be a Filipino civilization since it was founded by Tony Tan. It was really originated in the Philippines. hence. the manner of how Jollibee service and handle the clients is really different from others. While Mcdo. has its ain civilization depending on the laminitis that gave influence to its direction. Some Mcdo mercantile establishments abroad have this policy ‘self-service’ that clients have to clean their tabular arraies after repast. where in fact. it is an opposite manner here in the state that being hospitable is nurtured among Filipinos. Based on the construction of both companies. Jollibee has a flatter hierarchy compared to Mcdo. which means that holding a shorter or flatter hierarchy is better in communicating. less clip in seeking one another and most significantly is holding a closer relationship. The higher the hierarchy. the worse communicating it can make and hold a non so close relationship. In decision to this. the impact in the public presentation is rather bad. For illustration. the company has a meeting to discourse about new thoughts on how to better the development of the company. But because of the impact of civilization and construction. there may be some employees who are non are able to fall in the meeting because they belong in the lower degree of the company and merely the leaders have to be in the meeting. This is a kind of bad public presentation because it two caputs is better than one caput. Example of an organisation whose civilization affected its concern public presentation and explains why it happened. M1 The ENRON Company Before registering for bankruptcy in 2001. Enron Corporation was one of the largest incorporate natural gas and electricity companies in the universe. It marketed natural gas liquids worldwide and operated one of the largest natural gas transmittal systems in the universe. numbering more than 36. 000 stat mis. It was besides one of the largest independent developers and manufacturers of electricity in the universe. functioning both industrial and emerging markets. Enron was besides a major provider of solar and air current renewable energy worldwide. managed the largest portfolio of natural gas-related hazard direction contracts in the universe. and was one of the world’s biggest independent oil and gas geographic expedition companies. In North America. Enron was the largest sweeping seller of natural gas and electricity. Enron pioneered advanced trading merchandises. such as gas hereafters and conditions hereafters. significantly overhauling the public-service corporations industry. After a rush of growing in the early 1990s. the company ran into troubles. The magnitude of Enron’s losingss was hidden from shareholders. The company folded after a failed amalgamation trade with Dynegy Inc. in 2001 brought to visible radiation monolithic fiscal finagling. The company had ranked figure seven on the Fortune 500. and its failure was the biggest bankruptcy in American history. ( Advameg. Inc. . 2013 ) But what is the ground why Enron failed? Enron’s executives’ attending was clearly focused on net incomes. power. greed. and influence. They want their employees to concentrate on today’s bottom line and to be cleverer than the competition. These influences created a break-the-rules and win-at-all-cost civilization that resulted in unethical or illegal effects among the company. It was revealed that executives were blow uping the stock monetary value through legion techniques and misdirecting public statement. They even described technological accomplishments of Enron that do non truly be and boasted about the value and fiscal public presentation of the company even though it is non true. Everything was a prevarication and did that deliberately to blow up the stock monetary value merely to gain the money from it and maintain it to themselves. 1. 3Discuss the factors which influence single behaviour at work. Individual Differences at the Workplace Percept – The act or module of groking by agencies of the senses or of the head ; knowledge ; understanding. The manner you see the universe. Attitudes – Are determinates of behaviour because they are linked with perceptual experience. personality. feelings. and motive. Personalities – General: Relatively stable. consistent. and typical set of mental and emotional features a individual exhibits when entirely. or when interacting with people and his or her external environment. Ability – a person’s endowment to execute a mental or physical undertaking. Key Abilities Skills – a erudite endowment that a individual has acquired to execute a undertaking. The ability. coming from one’s cognition. pattern. aptitude. and to make something good ( Alino. 2013 ) PAPAS is the chief factors that affect the behaviour of the people in a certain company. This is where they learn to accept each and everyone’s personalities. attitudes and diversenesss. Figure 4 Individual Differences In add-on to the above. if a pupil is able to depict or flesh out his reply with illustrations or illustrations from the workplace. M3 Since we have already 2 companies. we did non acquire merely the information but besides we observed how they collaborate with one another. how they treat their clients and every bit good as how they manage themselves inside the company. I will be utilizing McDonalds to exemplify their behaviour through numbering their smilings and salutations to their clients. Note: the observation had been done during McDonald’s rush hr which is 4pm-6pm. Besides. the observation merely tackled 45 proceedingss and the smilings and salutations are being counted per group as 5 clients within an estimated 15 proceedingss per group. Shown from the illustration above. McDonalds has a behaviour of smiling and stating Thank you in return to their clients. Second to the highest mark is recognizing new clients as they enter the McDo. This is really normal that you hear one or two crews shouting. † Hi Ma’am/Sir. Welcome to McDonalds† but it did non turn to be their highest mark based on the illustration above. Last. which is McDonald’s lowest mark is their behaviour of non offering their new nutrient or drinks. They may hold their best service to their clients but they besides have this deficiency of communicating with them. I included the offering count thing because this is what I have observed besides in Jollibee. But in the existent concern universe. non everything about a certain direction is perfect. There will ever be a small job because of the employee’s indifference and diverseness. 4. 1 Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations. Work group A group that interacts chiefly to portion information and to do determinations to assist each group member perform within his or her country of duty. A group has this ability of sharing each other’s information but non making his/her occupation. They work together with their accomplishments and endowments on how to come up with their aim. They frequently attention and make the occupation within their country of duty merely. But overall. they have merely one end to run into even they have different duties. If pupil is able to place. justify. and differentiate McDonalds and Jollibee whether this is a group or a squad. D1 Jollibee as a Team Harmonizing to Jollibee. they have this household civilization wherein they are close with each other. Even though sometimes they encounter some jobs. the director has to be informed about that and so they will hold this guidance where the regulations and ordinances are being applied to the employees. This is where the director implies his leading manner which is being paritipative. He wants to cognize the job and they storm each other to work out the job. They besides interact with each other by holding a productive meeting and besides to discourse their end. which is harmonizing to the selling forces. â€Å"Alagang Pinoy† is our end to please and fulfill our clients. They besides consider their relationship as a â€Å"Team† because they help each other and give full attempts to better their quality. efficiency. and the work direction. This is true because they normally have originative meetings where they treat themselves as a household. Besides. everyone works with h is/her fullest merely to run into their ends. McDonalds as a TeamHarmonizing to the Restaurant Manager. â€Å"McDonald’s end is to function the Filipino community by supplying great savoring nutrient and most relevant client delectation experience† . They besides consider themselves as a â€Å"Team† because they work hard. join forcesing with other occupations merely to fulfill the clients. However. if some jobs occur. the director will decidedly stand out and give meetings. This normally happens monthly to them with every nucleus group. They besides interact as a household that they besides have a stopping point relationship even though they have different personalities. The employees have to reflect themselves with the regulations and ordinances of the company. The Restaurant Manager besides said that they normally asses its crew members by holding a public presentation reappraisal every 3 months and 6 months. From this scenario. it already speaks how they work as a squad and with the director who do the o ccupations on manus with the employees. 4. 2 Discuss factors that may advance or suppress the development of effectual teamwork in organisations. Work TeamA group whose single attempts consequence in a public presentation that is greater than the amount of the single inputs. Figure [ 5 ] Team Effectiveness Clasp Goals – gives way and committedness within the direction. Roles – gives lucidity and integrating to the people of the company. Interactions – gives trust within the employees and so their relationship is tight and there is coherence. Procedures – gives the system and invention to the employees so that they would be guided in the right procedures. Leadership Styles – gives inspiration and authorization to everyone to cognize in what manner they can be productive and can take to understanding each and everyone’s accomplishments. In add-on to this. there is besides a procedure wherein a squad formation has phases to develop and ensue with a good treatment. Forming Ramping Norming Performing Team-Development Model was invented by Bruce Tuckman ( 1965 ) . who suggested squad formation moves through four phases ( he added another phase ‘Adjourning’ in the 1970s ) . †¢ Set unrealistic ends †¢ Rely on merely one person’s experience and thoughts†¢ Resist working together†¢ Make small advancement†¢ Compete for control Get to cognize the undertaking and one another†¢ Learn each other’s accomplishments and outlooks†¢ Test each other’s committedness and attitude†¢ Begin to specify undertakings and functions†¢ Focus on symptoms and jobs non related to the undertaking †¢ Make advancement toward the end with velocity and efficiency†¢ Work together to name and get the better of obstructions†¢ Use feedback to do alterations†¢ Find ways to continuously better how they work together Have some trouble. but are doing advancement toward making the end†¢ Use each other’s thoughts†¢ Give and have constructive feedback†¢ Set. and normally follow. squad land regulations and norms†¢ Value person differences Figure [ 6 ] Tuckman’s Stages of Team Formation If pupil is able to take duty for pull offing and forming activities. eg. Arrange an interview or a study questionnaire is conducted with squad members ( at least 2 ) necessitating be aftering A ; managing and organisation ( supported with grounds ) . ( D2 ) | Figure [ 7 ] Interview at McDonalds Figure [ 8 ] Interview at Jollibee 4. 3 Evaluate the impact of engineering on squad operation within a given organisation. The impact of engineering on squads is the new forms of work. affects formation and construction of groups. It will act upon where and how people interact. The chief intent of engineering is to do the work easier. simpler and non clip devouring for every company. It is non merely helpful ; it is besides quotable and is better in doing merchandises. The advantage of engineering in McDonalds is to work easy within a short period of clip. They have cashier Po. where the teller presses the orders of the clients which is recorded together with the stock lists. Second is the bill of fare board where the list of dish is posted with monetary value. This will assist the clients to take easy their preferred nutrient while waiting in the line. Next is the talker from the thrust thru. This is a good manner of selling because non all clients have the clip to dine in but to order thru drive-thru. It’s more accessible and faster than taking your order indoors. But these engineerings sometime s vary due to some proficient jobs. The talker used in drive-thru is non that sufficient in acquiring the orders from the clients ; it is non that clear plenty because the crews indoors do non hear clearly the orders and sometimes jerky. This besides consequences misconstruing between the crews and clients. Bettering public presentation by following engineering As clip base on ballss by. engineering besides changes. To better the company. new public presentation prosodies should be applied. I would propose a touch screen method where the possible clients ( specifically to those who have recognition cards ) will be able to order their nutrient and merely pay through recognition cards afterwards. This could be convenient and suiting to everyone that can do the mean dealing of three to four seconds faster for each client. Furthermore. the company will non hold to pay the cashier’s wage. alternatively they will merely utilize touch screen computing machines. In add-on to this. I will besides propose a construct of â€Å"service with smiling all the time† within the employees. In footings of engineering. I would propose a CCTV camera concentrating the crews to demo if they are smiling to the clients. If they do smile. there is this soft and smooth melody coming out from the camera that uplifts the crews’ assurance and show t hat they are being recognized. Showing a positive personality from the crews will besides convey out the positive mentality from the clients. Bibliography Advameg. Inc. ( 2013 ) Enron Corporation – Company Profile. Information. Business Description. History. Background Information on Enron Corporation. [ Online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. referenceforbusiness. com/history2/57/Enron-Corporation. hypertext markup language [ 13 February 2013 ] . Magicman. J. ( 2011 ) What is Organizational Behaviour and its Definition? . 27 April. [ Online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //expertscolumn. com/content/what-organizational-behaviour-and-its-definition [ 1 February 2013 ] . WordPress 3. 5. 1 ( 2013 ) Why Did Enron Go Bankrupt? . [ Online ] . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. whyguides. com/why-did-enron-go-bankrupt. hypertext markup language [ 7 February 2013 ] .

Monday, November 25, 2019

Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems Essays

Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems Essays Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems Essay Pepsi Corporation History and Major Problems Essay I. PEPSI CORPORATION HISTORY The Pepsi-Cola story began in a drugstore in New Bern, North Carolina, USA in 1896. Caleb Davis Bradham, a pharmacist, owned a drugstore named Bradham Drug Company in downtown New Bern. Like many of the drug stores at the time, Bradham’s store also housed a soda fountain. Here, Bradham offered his own soda concoctions which attracted most of the small-town folks. On August 28, 1898, Bradham invented a new recipe, blending kola nut extract, vanilla and â€Å"rare oils. This soda drink, initially known as Brad’s Drink, gathered so much popularity not only for its delicious and refreshing taste but people believed it helped them by aiding digestion and boosting their energy. Bradham likened the effect to digestion to the enzyme pepsin, even though it was not used as an ingredient. By combining the terms pepsin and cola, Bradham renamed his recipe Pepsi-Cola. Pepsi’s early growth was less significant than that of Cokes, and its real stre ngth as a competitor to Coke began after became CEO in 1950, a time when Pepsi was nearly bankrupt. Bradham was expected to liquidate the Pepsi-Cola Co. Instead, he made it his goal to beat Coke (, 2003). Pepsi spread to Canada in 1906, and the year after that, it was registered in Mexico. By 1908, Pepsi had upgraded their transportation delivery services from horse-drawn carts to automobiles. Pepsi seemed to be becoming successful in such a short time. But there is still a problem. By the time Pepsi Cola came out, Coke had already made its mark among the public and the newcomer Pepsi found it hard to find a consumer base. In the 1920’s, the company released the ad Drink Pepsi. It will satisfy you. However, despite industrious efforts, the Pepsi Company still fell into bankruptcy due to the fall of the sugar market. After seventeen years of success, Caleb Bradham lost Pepsi Cola. He had gambled on the fluctuations of sugar prices during W. W. I, believing that sugar prices would continue to rise but they fell instead leaving Caleb Bradham with an overpriced sugar inventory. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. It suffered several years of losses before it was sold to Loft Inc. , a giant candy company. Loft was what Pepsi was waiting for. The company began to regain its former success. 1936 saw the formation of Pepsi Limited of London, and in 1938, the Pepsi logo was trademarked in the Soviet Union. The company sold the drink in 12 oz. bottles and launched the advertising campaign of Twice as Much for a Nickel. In 1993, Pepsi-Cola found itself in a crisis situation when a man in Tacoma, Washington claimed he had found a syringe inside a can of Diet Pepsi. Soon after the story hit the news, claims surfaced all over the country. People claimed to find objects from bullets to crack cocaine vials. Pepsi-Cola knew that the foreign objects had been inserted by people outside the company who had tampered with the product. Pepsi-Cola decided to use a defensive strategy, claiming its innocence in the matter. Proving the company’s innocence would be pivotal in protecting further damage to Pepsi-Cola’s brand name. Pepsi employed a variety of strategies to deal with the problem. PepsiCos India operations were met with substantial resistance in 2003 and again in 2006, when an environmental organization in New Delhi made the claim that, based on its research, it believed that the levels of pesticides in PepsiCo (along with those from rival Coca-Cola Company), exceeded a set of proposed safety standards on soft drink ingredients that had been developed by the Bureau of Indian Standards. PepsiCos usage of water was the subject of controversy in India in the early and mid 2000s in part because of the companys alleged impact on water usage in a country where water shortages are a perennial issue. In this setting, PepsiCo was perceived by India-based environmental organizations as a company that diverted water to manufacture a discretionary product, making it a target for critics at the time. Pepsi-Cola came to the Philippines through John Clarkin, a native of Minnesota, USA, who came with the American forces at the close of World War II. On October 16, 1946, Clarkin acquired a franchise to bottle Pepsi in the Philippines. He consequently founded the Pepsi-Cola Bottling Company of the Philippine Islands Ltd. and became its president and general manager. As of January 2012, 22 of PepsiCos product lines generated retail sales of more than $1 billion each,and the companys products were distributed across more than 200 countries, resulting in annual net revenues of $43. 3 billion. Based on net revenue, PepsiCo is the second largest food beverage business in the world. Within North America, PepsiCo is ranked (by net revenue) as the largest food and beverage business. II. MAJOR PROBLEMS 1. COMPETITORS â€Å"Pepsi’s early growth was less significant than that of Cokes, and its real strength as a competitor to Coke began after someone became CEO in 1950, a time when Pepsi was nearly bankrupt. Bradham was expected to liquidate the Pepsi-Cola Co. Instead, he made it his goal to beat Coke (, 2003). Pepsi spread to Canada in 1906, and the year after that, it was registered in Mexico. By 1908, Pepsi had upgraded their transportation delivery services from horse-drawn carts to automobiles. Pepsi seemed to be becoming successful in such a short time. But there is still a problem. By the time Pepsi Cola came out, Coke had already made its mark among the public and the newcomer Pepsi found it hard to find a consumer base. 2. FINANCIAL PROBLEM/BANKRUPTCY â€Å"In the 1920’s, the company released the ad Drink Pepsi. It will satisfy you. However, despite industrious efforts, the Pepsi Company still fell into bankruptcy due to the fall of the sugar market. After seventeen years of success, Caleb Bradham lost Pepsi Cola. He had gambled on the fluctuations of sugar prices during W. W. I, believing that sugar prices would continue to rise but they fell instead leaving Caleb Bradh am with an overpriced sugar inventory. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. 3. PUBLIC RELATIONS CRISIS â€Å"In 1993, Pepsi-Cola found itself in a crisis situation when a man in Tacoma, Washington claimed he had found a syringe inside a can of Diet Pepsi. Soon after the story hit the news, claims surfaced all over the country. People claimed to find objects from bullets to crack cocaine vials. Pepsi-Cola knew that the foreign objects had been inserted by people outside the company who had tampered with the product. Pepsi-Cola decided to use a defensive strategy, claiming its innocence in the matter. Proving the company’s innocence would be pivotal in protecting further damage to Pepsi-Cola’s brand name. Pepsi employed a variety of strategies to deal with the problem. † 4. SAFETY STANDARDS â€Å"PepsiCos India operations were met with substantial resistance in 2003 and again in 2006, when an environmental organization in New Delhi made the claim that, based on its research, it believed that the levels of pesticides in PepsiCo (along with those from rival Coca-Cola Company), exceeded a set of proposed safety standards on soft drink ingredients that had been developed by the Bureau of Indian Standards. 5. WATER USAGE â€Å"PepsiCos usage of water was the subject of controversy in India in the early and mid 2000s in part because of the companys alleged impact on water usage in a country where water shortages are a perennial issue. In this setting, PepsiCo was perceived by India-based environmental organizations as a company that diverted water to manufacture a discretionary product, making it a target for critics at the time. †

Friday, November 22, 2019

Assessment And Differentiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assessment And Differentiation - Essay Example By differentiating assessment, educators open up opportunities for students to show their developing skills and knowledge in ways in which they might be more "assured" or which might challenge them further. This is true for both lower-level and higher-level learners. Educators are capable of planning the most appropriate activities, as well as assessments, in order to meet student needs (Colorado, 2007). Through centering on adapting assessments to match students’ strengths and needs, teachers can open doors for students to be victorious. Such a change is essential for students who might otherwise not be capable of demonstrating mastery with traditional or normal assessments. Such exceptional students might be English language learners (ELLs). This paper will come up with a lesson plan for English language learners and how they can be effectively assessed by their educators. Teacher Preparation English language learners (ELLs), in content-area courses, have a double challenge meaning that they are expected to learn content and language at the same time (Colorado, 2007). ELLs struggle in content-area lessons such as literature, math, social studies and science because they have not gained the language, literacy skills, or background knowledge essential to master new content knowledge. One way to dealing with this challenge is by effective lesson planning. Relying on their different levels of English proficiency and literacy, ELLs will gain from the skills, which a well-designed lesson can tackle. Effective lessons comprise of building background knowledge, guided practice, explicit instruction and modeling, peer practice and assessment of content learned (Colorado, 2007). Student-teacher interactions along with peer interactions are significant for learning. Owing to the diversity in the background and experience that ELLs bring to the classroom, it is necessary to prepare lessons that deal with a broad range of needs. This wide sweep will also benefit al l students in a classroom whether English language learners or not (Hall, 2008). Lesson Components Building Background Knowledge Successful lesson planning requires a couple of steps from initial preparation to the ultimate review of material (Tonya, 2005). Once teachers get started, they should modify their survey to ensure their lesson or standard objectives are eliminating unimportant information, which does not meet its objectives. ELL teachers should also choose key vocabularies to pre-teach their ELLs and develop assessments to examine the content they taught. As teachers prepare their lessons, they should determine what background knowledge students require so as to master the material (Tonya, 2005). Educators might find that their English language learners’ background knowledge differs substantially from one student to another. It is also essential not to consider that ELLs' background knowledge is same as that of other learners, who were raised in this nation. With a n aim of building background knowledge to ELLs, educators could try creating interests in the subjects they teach through pictures. They could utter the name of the object as many times as possible, in order for ELLs to grasp the name. Educators should also build text-specific knowledge through offering students or ELLs with information from the text beforehand, mainly when the text is conceptually tough to understand. For

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Max Weber the sociologist Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Max Weber the sociologist - Research Paper Example His theories broke new ground, proposing that interpretive, non-empirical evidence can be used to analyze and understand the intentions and actions of individuals within socio-economic groups. Weber’s works put into perspective the effect of culture and religion on economics. Placed within a historical perspective, Weber’s work was bold for the time in that it refutes the notion that there can be a quantifiable gauge for the study of social dynamics. Observation and analysis, skills that served Weber well during his esteemed career, were part of a legacy of academic achievement, passed on to him by his accomplished parents. Weber: A brief biography Born into an affluent family, Weber’s father was trained as an attorney, held a prominent position in the civil service and was a member of the National Liberal Party. Max Weber, Sr.’s involvement in public life exposed his son to a wealth of socio-political ideas, the family’s home being something of a g athering place for many leading intellectuals of the period. The younger Weber thrived in this atmosphere, which inspired him to take up Goethe, whom he read voraciously from a young age as well as many other volumes of classical works (Ringer, 2004). Law school and a brief stint in the military during World War I were followed by the beginnings of a legal career, which further whetted his appetite for research and theory. The early stages of his professional life were marked by social and economic studies inspired by a growing Max Weber 4 progressive movement, which Weber joined in 1888 as a member of the Verein fur Sozialpolitik, a professional association for economists. â€Å"What united the members of the Verein was a belief that reforms were urgently needed in Germany† (Swedberg & Agevall, 2005). The Verein proved to be a stepping stone for Weber, who earned notice for his report on the displacement of workers in East Prussia by Polish emigres (Kim, 2007). Appointments to Freiburg, then Heidelberg University followed. It was at Heidelberg that Weber’s brilliance attracted the attention of other intellectuals, writers and scholars in the charged academic atmosphere of the famous university town. Germany of the late-19th century was a brash new nation, one gripped by hubris and the aggressive policies of the Prussian political ascendancy. The nation’s burgeoning self-confidence gripped many in the intellectual class, including some of Weber’s contemporaries. Refusing to be swept up, Weber remained true to his progressive convictions, venting his feelings about Germany’s increasing predilection for saber rattling. â€Å"(Weber) also wrote passionate polemics in behalf of parliamentary reform and against the annexationist hysteria that seized many of his colleagues†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ringer, 2004). After his father’s death in 1896, Weber’s unresolved, stormy relationship with his parent contributed to a nervous b reakdown, which so debilitated Weber that he was eventually forced to resign from his teaching post and to suspend all scholarly activities. Ironically, Weber’s condition, which led to an abrupt and radical change in his professional life, brought about an intellectual change of direction and priority that would round out his personal philosophy and make him a pioneer in the developing field of social science (Kim, 2007). The resultant study

Monday, November 18, 2019

The Public Relations Campaign of the Bank Term Paper

The Public Relations Campaign of the Bank - Term Paper Example The ABC Bank is a leading bank and it plans to fortify its lead and keep competition far behind. Its market research team has identified a way to do so in an opportunity that exists in the market. The opportunity is a need of the potential customers to be able to make payments using their mobile phones. This need is felt in many practical situations. For example, a customer who needs to pay for a restaurant bill, which has somehow exceeded his estimate of what the bill could have been, can instantly pay through his cell phone. He does not have to bother with the credit card or going to the bank to do the same. Or, a Parent, whose kid is studying in a distant town suddenly needs money, the Parent can almost instantly while being on the move and without bothering to access his online account through a laptop or any other gadget, may simply use his mobile phone to send the amount to the kid. The possibilities are numerous and almost everybody seems to have a need for this basic applicat ion that satisfies an elementary need of being able to send money immediately without the hassle of waiting to do the transaction, upon either reaching a bank or reaching someplace that maybe work or home or a business center, where the transaction could be done online. Moreover, there is no transaction charge. As far as the security of the transaction is concerned, there is no need to share account details. Also, the app is pin protected thus making it safe to use.On the face of it, the situation surrounding the launch of the application seems quite favorable. This seems so, given the readiness with which it promises to fulfill a basic need of the public and that is to be able to send money while being on the move and that too for free. The app also promises to be safe. However, a careful scan of the internal environment leads to concerns that threaten to affect the success of the launch or the app itself. A careful and ongoing examination of the related news gives inputs about how this service could be misused and lead to financial fraud.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Customer Analysis of the Airline Industry

Customer Analysis of the Airline Industry Introduction: In the highly competitive airline industry, customers become the most important factor of the whole producing process. Besides flight safety, enhancing service quality, and therefore customer satisfaction, is the most crucial strategies of the airlines (Fried, 1989; Gardner, 2004; Zaid, 1995). Customer complaints serve as a critical dimension of service quality and customer satisfaction. Both the great affect that complaint handling has on customer retention and the beneficial usage of complaint information for service quality improvements have been widely recognized by the airlines and evaluative institutions (Strauss Schoeler, 2004). Complaint management continues to be a focal point of research as more companies have become convinced that defensive marketing is a highly profitable endeavor (Davidow, 2003). Customer complaints provide organizations with an opportunity to rectify their mistakes, retain dissatisfied consumers, and influence consumers’ future attitudes and behavior (Estelami, 1999). There is much empirical evidence showing that the complaint satisfaction with a company’s response has an enormous impact on customers’ future behavior (Stauss, 2002). Therefore if the customer relation department is doing the job effectively and getting complains from customers it can be used a tool to make improvements in the company as their feedback will tell the airlines where there are lacking and how they can improve. So it will just not increase customer satisfaction but also the loyalty and the profit for airline as customers will like to use the services again and again. These days Airlines are in fierce competition with each other and they are trying to gain each others market share by using different strategies some are giving cheap tickets some are giving extra weight and so forth. The point here is no matter what strategies airlines are using the thing that matters is if they are satisfying the customers or not. Getting market share from other airlines might be easy but retaining that share is very difficult to retain. Nowadays people are highly price sensitive and they will switch the airlines for a minor difference too. So now the airlines really have to work on something so that they can retain the customer while satisfying them too. In Pakistan there wasn’t any survey which was precisely on Airline industry. So that is why this topic was chosen so as to provide better insight in this industry regarding the customer satisfaction. The Airlines really have to do something extra to attract more and more customers as the biggest problem airlines are facing are the economic problems like fuel prices and very tough competition from other carriers and getting very strict regulations from governments. The airlines have to develop new ways to attract the customers those days are long gone when airlines could charge as much as they want because of many new competitors now they can’t do that. After 9/11 the whole industry saw a major sets backs and increased fuel prices and security conditions were totally changed since then. The industry was facing setback economically and viably. They had to improve their operations so as to reduce as much costs as they can as they fixed costs were going sky high and it was getting very hard for the airlines to operate in such environment. While reducing costs they cannot ignore customers as they are the one who are getting them revenues. The Airlines have made their operations better so they were able to reduce operational costs and can give better fares with respect to other airlines. Airlines have started customer relationship programs so as to have better relations with customers so they can travel on the same airline again and again. But there were many airlines that went bankrupt because of high operational costs and low revenues even majors airlines were failed to make profits after 9/11. During the last eight years there were many airlines who ceased there operations mainly due to revenues and there were many airlines who are going in loss or hardly on break up. Due to this there were many mergers in the airlines too. All this happened due to the economic conditions across the world. It is worth mentioning here that air traffic has increase many times but still airlines are not making very high profits. It is all due to very high operating costs and due to security conditions. The losses faced by airline industry is also caused by many low cost carriers which are not giving other benefits and just taking from places to places and many travelers prefer to save on tickets. The security conditions has forced many airlines to step up their operations and make sure of the safety of passengers which has ultimately increased the fixed costs but in return they are giving complete satisfaction to passenger while providing safe journey. The passenger’s satisfaction differs from person to person some want more off board facilities some want onboard some like extra luggage some are satisfied with good food. Now the question arises here how an airline can satisfy so many people. This is the reason this research has been conducted to get a better insight of the customers that what customers are expecting and what airlines are giving them. The gap will tell us where airlines are lacking and how they can give better services to customers with better fares. The Main Hypothesis for the thesis is: Airlines with higher satisfied customers are getting more passengers. The Sub hypotheses are following. 1. Reliability Airlines with higher Reliability are getting more passengers. 2. Responsiveness Airlines with higher Responsiveness are getting more passengers. 3. Assurance Airlines with higher Assurance are getting more passengers. 4. Empathy Airlines with higher Empathy are getting more passengers. 5. Tangibility Airlines with higher Tangibility are getting more passengers. Literature Review Everyone knows what satisfaction is, until asked to give a definition. Then it seems nobody knows [Richard Oliver 1997]. He is expert and long time research writer and researcher on customer satisfaction. The definition of customer satisfaction is â€Å"Satisfaction is the consumer’s fulfillment response. It is a judgment that a product or services feature, or the product or service itself, provides a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment† [Richard Oliver 1997]. Customer satisfaction can differ from person to person and product to product. But generally if the product has at least met the needs of the consumer then it will be customer satisfaction. Incase it failed to meet the minimum expectation then it will be turned into dissatisfaction. Tolman (1932) was the first person to use the term expectation in the context of behaviour. In general terms, expectations borrow from Tolman’s expectancy theory whereby, subsequent to learning, people actualize or ward off potential consequences of their actions. Pretrial beliefs about a product (Olson Dover, 1979) that serve as standards or reference points against which product performance is judged (Zeithaml, 1993) is a commonly used definition of expectations that draws from Tolmans original conceptualization. Customer satisfaction is measured in a given reference of time. So with due respect of time even it changes so as the satisfaction level. It changes from time to time and factor to factor as it is a dynamic process. In highly involvement decisions it is very important to meet the satisfaction level. If it failed to meet the expected level then the companies will loose the customer. As there won’t be any second chance. The key to provide the excellent service is in understanding the customer expectation [Parasuraman, Berry, Zeithaml, 1991b, p. 39). Expectations play a role in the formation of satisfaction and service quality through the expectancy disconfirmation paradigm (Oliver, 1980, 1993, 1997; Tse Wilton. 1988), and the gap model (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, Berry, 1985) respectively.  Satisfaction and perceived quality result from a comparison of the level of performance perceived and the level of performance expected by the consumer. In this so competitive industry such as airline industry nowadays the airlines are meeting with very harsh realities first of fuel prices going sky high making there fixed costs sky high as well. Then due to high fares passengers are switching the airlines for any extra favors. Due to this many airlines went bankrupt as they couldn’t even have breakeven. That is why nowadays low budget airlines are making more profits then big airlines because of low fares. But it is just not fare which makes them change the airline. There are many other factors involved other then just fare. They need to even meet certain level of expectations. In the customer satisfaction, expectations are treated as predictions made by customers about what is likely to happen during a service encounter. Such expectations correspond to what the service will be like (Oliver, 1997; Zeithaml et al, 1993). Oliver defines expectations as predictions, sometimes stated as probabilities or likelihoods, of attribute or product performance at a specific performance level. Miller (1977) called this standard the expected standard, which is the result of a probability estimate. American Society for Quality told in a report that recently the troubles that airline industry are facing are, flights are getting delayed, overbooked and sometimes even cancel and due to that passengers are getting worked up are losing patience. The level of satisfaction is on the decrease and will continue to decrease. The airline industry analysts are expecting that the situation is going to get bad or even worst before it will get better. The American Customer Satisfaction Index score for industry in the first three months of 2007 was about three percent lower to 2006 score and it is 63 on 100 scale.   Satisfaction with constituent elements is particularly important in a service setting because customers are involved in the service process. Thus services are necessarily experiences, and as a result, customers rely on multiple indicators of service quality to evaluate overall satisfaction with the service (Bitner, 1990; Zeithamel 1990; Mittal, V., P. Kumar, and M. Tsirors 1989). Peripheral attributes are further distinguished as physical attributes, the choice of features and amenities that are included in the service concept, and interaction attributes, the way that service employees Interact with customers in the service delivery system. The importance of a particular attribute in the service concept is derived from the sensitivity of overall satisfaction to changes in satisfaction with the particular element (Kamakura et al. 2002). Customer satisfaction is desired because of its role in the service value profit chain in producing a stream of revenues that is resilient to competition and obtained at lower long run cost (Heskett et al., 1997). Research shows that irrespective of the outcome of the service encounter i.e., performance on core attributes, peripheral attributes both physical and interactional can independently affect customer satisfaction (Bitner, 1990) Taking quality and customer satisfaction into consideration, the airlines can improve their customer service and airline operations in a lot of ways. It will take sometime to apply better strategies to make the daily operations run smoothers and more effectively, but if you start implementing the better strategies and user friendly processes to improve passenger assistance and customer service it will give you a very good idea and plan what are the possible problems customers are facing and through which strategies can be adopted to prevent such problems in future. The service marketing literature discriminates among elements of the service concept. Some elements core attributes define the basic service being provided, while other elements, termed peripheral attributes specify the distinctive manner in which the service is delivered (Gronroos, 1990; Booms and Bitner, 1990). One of the leading reasons for customers loosing patience and showing dissatisfaction with the airlines is late departures or cancellations of flights. Customers just want to go from origin to destination on time but they are unable to trust the airlines with this issue. People are pointing fingers to different issues but no one is ready to accept the responsibility for flights late departure or arrival. It is because of number of reasons like bad weather; Aircrafts have to wait in sky to land at airports due to heavy traffic. Then maintenance problems of engines and fuselage, airport operations and ATC problems are some of the examples which make the flight difficult to depart or arrive on time. Even though all these arguments are valid and legitimate but still customers are not ready to relax. It has been found that airlines have no reason to improve the effectiveness and quality of their operations, since all airlines think and believe that they all are facing the same problems and no one is worst then anyone else. So when customers feel dissatisfied with a certain airline. They will travel on a different airline next time it will happen again and then again they will retry a new but how long they will keep on changing and ultimately they will feel all airlines are handling the customers in a same manner and eventually they will travel on same airline on which they traveled for first time. This is not necessarily true. TARP research indicates a passenger who files complain is thirty percent more loyal than a noncompliant and fifty percent more loyal than a dissatisfied complainant. Nowadays customers are not complaining much than they did a decade ago when half of the passengers will complain least once. Today, the rates of complaints even for big problems with serious consequences are not much and it is about 20%. Now hardly one percent customer’s complaints to the airline that too which are serious in nature. This is one of the major problems for airlines because when passengers will not file complaints then airlines will not know the problems which are faced by passengers during flight or even before or after flight. The fault here is not entirely on customers but on airlines more then customers but they are so hopeless that they think it is more of wastage of time. So airlines need to assure people that their complaints will be solved as soon as possible and it will not happen again. They need to inform the customers after it is resolved but how many airlines do that? Hardly a few, When customers will feel that airline wants to work on the problems and their problems will be solved only then they will start complaining and it is just not that problem they tell it is a whole new gateway to success because solving the complains means better satisfactions that will result in more revenue with good will. Airline Managers should not assume that if the customers are not reporting the problems or complaints it means they are not having any problems and customers are satisfied with the service. In fact it is the total opposite which is passengers are now so hopeless that they have assumed that even complaining wont help them either, so they don’t care to file a complaint. The expectations of the passengers have been decreased to such a point that they don’t expect the airlines will do anything to satisfy there customers. The airline staff that comes in direct contact with passengers on daily basis must understand and try to solve their problem as soon as they can. This is especially true for the channels in service industry and point where customers interact with employees working in customer relation department who are there to resolve customer complaints. In the situation which we are discussing, empathy has these things to be friendly, understand customer’s feelings,, Showing care to solve the problems and making sure to meet his needs, Make the customers feel that their concern is valid, and when in problem, solve the problem or at least try to find a solution. Handling the customers in airline industry is very much different and much personalized. It is not like dealing with lots of super market customers or like dealing them like they are dealing with loose cattle’s. How can an airline get its staff to show and have empathy? One way is to show staff videos of service experiences they can be real or staged in which empathy is there but is not expressed. A video is better instead of written description because a lot of times communication between staff and customer is nonverbal like body language, expressions, voice tone and even eye contact and consistency is part of quality. Consistency is vital for customers because consistency is an experience taken as reliability by the customer. So if there is a lack of reliability it will not only affect the customer’s trust in the company but will create bad image. This is an important issue to be addressed because trust is a essential condition for customer loyalty.   Passengers are not dissatisfied with all airlines. There are many airlines like Emirates, Cathay Pacific, Etihad and Qatar etc especially Emirates has constantly topped in customer satisfaction for consecutive four years according to Skytrax. Airline industry researchers find it very interesting that some airlines continue to satisfy the customers in most efficient manner and making huge profits in such industry where there rivals are not even having break even. In north America Southwest is one of the best airlines and in their ads they make it a joke that they are not giving you any special service but they’re doing what is precisely they are saying that is they get you on the destination on time without troubles. What they have done what so many other companies have failed to do. The secret of there recipe is they have met the most basic thing for a effective and quality airline operation that is consistently meeting expectations. This has enabled them to earn good profits with better customer’s satisfaction. The flights of reputed airlines arrived on time eighty percent of the time, they are able to set standards for even other airline and there operations are now used as benchmarks for other airlines. They are departing on time and getting to their destinations on time just because of effective management and quality tools. They have a proper and consistent process and they have documented their workloads properly. Their turnaround times are a lot better than other rivals in the industry because they use standardized operations. They know the more time plan will be parked at apron it is there loss the sooner the aircraft will be in air and is flying it is there profit so they land the plane, get new passengers and get the aircraft back in the air as soon as they can because that is only way airlines make money. Booming airlines are putting the aircrafts back in the air at much higher rate then other airlines because of the fact the more time the aircraft is parked at apron it is there loss and the more time it will be in air it will generate revenue for them thus making more profits. This makes customers at ease too as they don’t have to wait for hours to get to their destination. That means no long waits at airport thus no frustration for passengers. Reputed airlines set the expectations and then will meet the expectations. Airlines are thinking their problems are not much different from other airlines and everything is going smoothly even if not everyone is facing same situations. As they blame on weather and acts of God. Which everyone else is facing as well. Immense financial pressures, then with fuel prices going sky high and struggle in the low-fare market, is making the airlines believe that they are unable to afford to put all the resources together  to resolve their customer satisfaction problems. The most effective and cost efficient way to improve the complaint managing process is to prevent the problem by anticipating the problems instead of not acting on the complaint. It is better to take notice of the complaint than have the customer go away. The loyalty of customers who have experienced troubles is about 20% lesser than those of non-complainants customers. This 20% reduction includes both non-complainants and those who have filed the complaints. To prevent a problem the first thing one has to do is understand what is causing the troubles or problems for customers. In a recent it was found that most of the companies think if they have a customer who is dissatisfied for some reason, it is due to a worker who caused the dissatisfaction by doing wrong. The TARP’s study has found that most of the employees did a good job and hardly 20% of dissatisfaction was caused by staff’s bad attitude or by doing something wrong. Most of the problems which were between fourty to sixty percent are due to substandard processes, and the remaining are because of either customer mistake or confusion in either the kind of the product or service purchased. (Goodman 2006.) A satisfied customer can even get dissatisfied due to differences in current satisfaction level and previously measured one. Consider the following scenario. In 2008, a customer flies on a flight to Europe in Economy Class on an Airbus A380. She is happy to have her own personal TV screen, in which she can choose any channel, watch movies or listens to songs or even play video games. In 2009 she flies the same flight but in Boeing 777 to her dismay that her plane is not equipped with personal visual in-flight entertainment but it has movie projected on central screen. Even though the specific service of transportation did not change. This customer had increased her expectations about the service. Even though the airline provided the same transportation service in 2009 as in 2008, the customer was dissatisfied because her increased expectations were not met. While this customer may not file an actual complaint, the takeaway from this example is that customer dissatisfaction is a function of the gap between pre and post customer expectations about a product or service [Zeithaml, 1990]. So, the more perceptions fall short of expectations, the higher customer dissatisfaction will be. As customers can change their expectations over time, dissatisfaction can change even if the product or service remains the same. Therefore, customer dissatisfaction will be different from previous experience. Even if an organization delivers identical results over time, customer dissatisfaction may increase as customers increase their expectations. So it is imperative for airlines to manage the balance of customer pre and post expectations. Sasser (1978) originally coined the term â€Å"service concept† in reference to the bundle of elements packaged as a complete service for sale to the customer. In services marketing, research on customer satisfaction parallels Sasser’s concept, positing that satisfaction with elements of the service concept combine to create overall satisfaction with the service encounter (LaTour and Peat, 1979; Mitall et al. 1989; Oliver 1997). Managers may think that the company’s complaint handling is fine, but if customers disagree, then the company still has a problem. Attribution research on consumer behavior suggests that customers’ attribution plays a pivotal role in shaping their attitudes and responses (Folkes, 1988), and it may mediate the relationship between complaint handling and post-complaint behaviors, such as negative word-of-mouth, future patronage etc. (Au, Hui, Leung, 2001). Customer satisfaction is desired because of its role in the service value profit chain in producing a stream of revenues that is resilient to competition and obtained at lower long run cost (Heskett et al., 1997). There are many areas in the airlines itself where faulty processes are leading to customer complaints and displeasure. Some are infrastructure problems, then the heavy air traffic issues specially high season, but these reasons affect an airline just as they affect every other airline. So why some airlines are consistently better? It is because they have designed their own skills to handle problems and their own operating measures to operate within the resources that they have. With reasons which are not in their control, they must do something to improve their systems. The Airlines need to utilize their resources in most effective way so as to operate effectively and best possible manner. Then they must exert influence on the people who have got power to control the infrastructure. Flight delays and cancellation is one of the leading factors in dissatisfaction among the passengers. The airlines needs to continuously improve their processes and systems, as it is vital for any other industry too. What use to happen doesn’t mean it can happen now too because previously customers were not aware much and companies couldn’t charm them with their advertising? The days are long gone now the customers are very well aware of situations and they ask question when they get to know something so as to know it better. What was satisfying the customers that time will now make them highly dissatisfied because times have changed so as the customers. The performance of airlines will decrease over time until unless something is done to improve it or sustain it. To sustain the current standards of performance, it is highly important to perform high level of maintenance. Then to have a better and improved operations airline need a lot more then just maintenance to have an effective flight operation. Weather is one of the major factors which is beyond the control of an airline and is one of the leading cause of flight delays and even cancellations and it is just not causing great deal of dissatisfaction to customers it is also costing airlines huge sum of money as then they have to give them accommodation as well. Some customers don’t care about the weather and they just want to reach to the destination as soon as they can, which is not possible as it can be very dangerous to fly in such weather. Even a highly sophisticated aircraft can not fight with the forces of nature. If due to bad weather flights are delaying or canceling the airline must provide the actual cause of delay instead of saying delayed due to technical fault. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) compiled figures on weather-caused delays, free of the other categories. Weather caused the flights to be delayed approximately 9.5% of the time during the 2006 for seven airlines. Then 13% of the flights were delayed for different reasons which were in control of airline like fueling, aircraft cleaning, loading, crew problems, maintenance and baggage handling Then if a flight will depart will late that means it will arrive late at next airport and then again depart late for next leg of journey as it is a chain which will effect the chain until it makes up for that time. It will be just not delay but the passengers who got to catch a connecting flight will also miss their flight because of late departure. There are many reasons of dissatisfaction among the customers and just not food and check in problems. It is just not the dissatisfaction of customers but the airline will have to bear additional costs as well. There are some delays which are not due to weather but not also in control of airlines like heavy traffic volume at airport, ATC, Holding pattern of aircrafts due to runway not available even Airport operations too. Last but definelt not least the security reasons cause hardly 1 percent of flight delays. It is because of extra security check at the airport that at the end hardly flight gets . Communicating with customers when a problem occurs is a better way to improve the satisfaction. In this high – tech fast moving world due information and technology, everyone is now used to get instant information and communication. Passengers want to be instantly informed about the current status of their flights as if they are delayed or canceled. Industry experts said, the airlines cant change the weather in there favour, but what they can do is give customers better information. Several airlines have improved their communication processes by cross training and moving employees who aren’t busy due to a flight cancellation (baggage handlers, porters, etc.) and putting them in areas where other employees are overwhelmed at the gate and ticket counters. Rather than having two gate agents handling 200 unhappy passengers, there are now 10-12 employees helping. Lines move faster, and people feel like they’re making progress. Airlines have so many cancelled flights and weather problems, so how does one can make your work force that much efficient so that you can decrease the customers’ concern level? They can easily do that with updated information, empathy, and assistance, even if you can’t get them from origin to destination any faster. Now the question is should expectations are seen as the level of desired service. Desired and adequate services are two more service level expectations conceptualized by researchers (Parasuraman, 1991, 1994; Zeithaml, 1993). Desired is what consumer wanted; it represents the level of service performance consumers believe an excellent service provider can and should deliver. Adequate service is what consumers accept and is partly influenced by consumers predicted level of service (i.e., will expectations). Separating these two types of expectations is a zone of tolerance, which can vary from consumer to consumer and from situation to situation (Parasuraman 1991). The zone of tolerance will be higher for the outcome than for the process dimensions of expectations since the single outcome dimension, namely reliability, is the most important. Thus, it will be easier for managers to exceed the process dimensions of expectations (i.e., responsiveness, assurance, tangibles, and empathy) than the outcome dimension (i.e., reliability). The adequate level of Service performance is similar to the minimum tolerable expectation defined by Miller (1977). Deserved expectations, another level of desired service derived from Adams (1963) theory of inequity, are a consumers subjective evaluations of her/his own investment. A consumer who, for example, has invested much in ticket feels that he/she deserves a high level of performance or a reward. The leading Airlines try to identify the specific flights where customers experience a high level of inconvenience or trouble. So when it happens, the airline will send them a letter to explain the cause and apologize for the inconvenience caused. They don’t want the customer to feel that they should not go back to the same airline again. Industry analysts have said that enhanced customer services will help settle the passengers, but only for the short term. They think no matter what airlines can do but people are going to be annoyed because of the fact that customers are not getting to the destination on time. Some airlines are reworking. If they can they do it better next time. Sure, but the purpose is not to do rework in the first place. You will get to know that it is not a value-added practice. You don’t want to have such process or people when they will end up in customers disatisfaction because it will be a rework that you shouldn’t have to do in the first place. Federal Aviation Administration the regulating authority for aviation in United States is testing the new technologies and latest satellites technologies so as to replace the aging and old Air Traffic Controller radars systems. So they can  overcome the problems and short comings of the current air traffic network and want to implement the Global positions system in the country for all the phases of flights. (Carr, J. 2001) Currently the airports are

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Compare the signal man by Charles Dickens and if she bends, she :: English Literature

Compare the signal man by Charles Dickens and if she bends, she breaks by John Gordon Introduction ============ In my essay I intend to compare the similarities and differences of many aspects of 2 short stories. "The signal man" a pre 20th century story by Charles Dickens and "If she bends she breaks" a post 20th century story. By John Gordon. They are naturally different because of their age. The signal man is pre20th century and is typical of the style of story from that era. If she bends she breaks is post 20th century so it has more modern words and is aimed at a younger audience. The stories themselves are similar in that they are both macarbre ghost stories. Titles ------ The title to every story gives the first impression and can give clues as to what the topic of the story is or what will happen.The signal man is a plain boring title thay does not make people wish to read it.If she bends she breaks on the other hand is an unusual title , it is mysterious and makes you want to read on. But a good title does not necessarily mean a good story. I found the signal man was a much better short story where as if she bends she breaks seemed a better title but it is aimed at young children, is a pretty boring story and the plot is easy to pick up, early in the story. The signal man is a boring title but it lets you know what the story is about without giving away the plot. If she bends she breaks is a very intersting title and you only know what it means when you've read the story so it is very effective. But "if she bends has an unusual title, it makes you want to read it, and only when you read it do you find out what, "if she bends she breakss" mean. "if she bends" title, was very good, the story was not as good, in contrast it was the opposite for "the signal man", it had a plain title, but a good story. Beginings and settings ---------------------- The beginning of the signal man, creates an atmoshpere of the supernatural by, its settings. The settings in the signal man, are descibe by dickens as very dark, solitary, and dismal place, "his post was in as solitary and dismal place", meaing that the signal was all alone, in a very dark, and boring place, which is a typical setting for a ghost story He discribes it as being "a great dungeon" dark, cold, scary, and horrible this gives the reader the sense of pain and torture.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Individual Vlan

Individual VLAN IT/242 Bob Anderson Adam Moneypenny Why Create a VLAN Due to the changes happening within the company, expansion of the call center, employees moving around within the building, and employees moving off site there is a need for change to the network. Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is the most obvious choice because â€Å"the VLAN solution can help reduce costs by allowing us to purchase fewer router ports. It also gives us the flexibility of physically placing and moving our clients anywhere in the organization, while still including them virtually within their own subnet.We can also contain broadcasts within the network, thereby freeing up network resources. From a security perspective, it allows us very granular control of the network. † (McIntire, 2001) The Plan In order to accommodate the changes the network needs due to expansion and relocation the Local Area Network (LAN) must be segmented into different broadcast domains through the use of the VLAN. I ncorporating the VLAN will reduce the number of router hops and increase the apparent bandwidth for the user. SecurityTo improve security, separating systems that have sensitive data from the rest of the network decreases the chances that people will gain access to information they are not authorized to see. VLAN Memberships VLAN membership will be of the Dynamic type. The Dynamic VLANs switch automatically assigns the port to a VLAN. Because there are changes happening quickly and employees being added and moved to new locations this membership type would work best. It can be assumed that with the growth of the company that there will be more employees being moved and location changes continuing.Switches A layer 2 switch will be used on the VLAN. With a layer 2 switch multiple layer 3 networks can be created from the same layer 2 switch. This layer 3 is the same layer that IP subnets are created on. Trunking Trunking will be used to allow for multiple VLANs and multiple switches to communicate via a single link between the switches. The type of trunking configured on the switches will be VTP Server mode which is the default mode for all Cisco switches. â€Å"The VTP server controls VLAN creation, modification, and deletion for their respective VTP domain.Synchronizes VLAN configuration with latest information received from other switches in the management domain. Switches that operating in VTP server mode store the VLAN database in NVRAM and advertise VTP information to all other switches within the VTP domain. † (Leahy, 2011) Backup Plan As a backup to the VLAN operating model to ensure continued operation of the network during a VLAN fault or outage, the network should be physically laid out to provide a star topology in the absence of the VLAN while the VLAN and VTP are reconfigured or repaired.Summary As can be seen from all the information above the VLAN will satisfy all the needs of the company and its struggle with growth. VLANs allow for growth to the network without adding excessive hardware. Mobility of users can be easily solved and security can be increased. The VTP is an excellent way to allow all the VLANs to communicate effectively. It can also easily be backed up with a star topology physical layout. In conclusion the VLAN will be the perfect solution for the company. References Leahy, E. (2011, July 22).VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP). Retrieved October 28, 2012, from The World of Networking: http://ericleahy. com/? p=644 McIntire, R. (2001, September 4). VLANS and Switching Technology. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from TechRepublic: http://www. techrepublic. com/article/vlans-and-switching-technology-why-and-how-to-implement-vlans-in-your-cisco-switched-network-environment/1055541 Stallings, W. (2009). Business Data Communications. Prentice Hall. Tyson, J. (n. d. ). How LAN Switches Work. Retrieved October 28, 2012, from How Stuff

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Life Magazine cover depicting India-Pakistan War Essay

The dispute over this region originated in the process of decolonization in South Asia. When the British colony of India gained its independence in 1947, it was partitioned into two separate entities: the secular nation of India and the predominantly Muslim nation of Pakistan. Pakistan was composed of two noncontiguous regions, East Pakistan and West Pakistan, separated by Indian territory. The state of Jammu and Kashmir, which had a predominantly Muslim population but a Hindu leader, shared borders with both India and West Pakistan. The argument over which nation would incorporate the state led to the first India-Pakistan War in 1947-48 and ended with UN mediation. Jammu and Kashmir, also known as â€Å"Indian Kashmir† or just â€Å"Kashmir,† joined the Republic of India, but the Pakistani Government continued to believe that the majority Muslim state rightfully belonged to Pakistan. Conflict resumed again in early 1965, when Pakistani and Indian forces clashed over disputed territory along the border between the two nations. Hostilities intensified that August when the Pakistani army attempted to take Kashmir by force. The attempt to seize the state was unsuccessful, and the second India-Pakistan War reached a stalemate. This time, the international politics of the Cold War affected the nature of the conflict. The United States had a history of ambivalent relations with India. During the 1950s, U. S. officials regarded Indian leadership with some caution due to India’s involvement in the nonaligned movement, particularly its prominent role at the Bandung Conference of 1955. The United States hoped to maintain a regional balance of power, which meant not allowing India to influence the political development of other states. However, a 1962 border conflict between India and China ended with a decisive Chinese victory, which motivated the United States and the United Kingdom to provide military supplies to the Indian army. After the clash with China, India also turned to the Soviet Union for assistance, which placed some strains on U. S. -Indian relations. However, the United States also provided India with considerable development assistance throughout the 1960s and 1970s. U. S. -Pakistani relations had been more consistently positive. The U. S.  Government looked to Pakistan as an example of a moderate Muslim state and appreciated Pakistani assistance in holding the line against communist expansion by joining the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954 and the Baghdad Pact (later renamed the Central Treaty Organization, or CENTO) in 1955. Pakistan’s interest in these pacts stemmed from its desire to develop its military and defensive capabilities, which were substantially weaker than those of India. Both the United States and the United Kingdom supplied arms to Pakistan in these years. After Pakistani troops invaded Kashmir, India moved quickly to internationalize the regional dispute. It asked the United Nations to reprise its role in the First India-Pakistan War and end the current conflict. The Security Council passed Resolution 211 on September 20 calling for an end to the fighting and negotiations on the settlement of the Kashmir problem, and the United States and the United Kingdom supported the UN decision by cutting off arms supplies to both belligerents. This ban affected both belligerents, but Pakistan felt the effects more keenly since it had a much weaker military in caparison to India. The UN resolution and the halting of arms sales had an immediate impact. India accepted the ceasefire on September 21 and Pakistan on September 22. The ceasefire alone did not resolve the status of Kashmir, and both sides accepted the Soviet Union as a third-party mediator. Negotiations in Tashkent concluded in January 1966, with both sides giving up territorial claims, withdrawing their armies from the disputed territory. Nevertheless, although the Tashkent agreement achieved its short-term aims, conflict in South Asia would reignite a few years later.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Why Your Job Application Was Rejected

Why Your Job Application Was Rejected Sometimes we get rejected from a job and it has nothing to do with us personally or the quality of our applications. There was some outside factor we may never know that determined the outcome, but it wasn’t something to get too down about. There are cases, however, where there probably was something we could have done better. If you’ve been getting a lot of rejections lately, it might be worth considering if perhaps there is something you’ve been doing wrong. Here are 5 things you might be getting wrong in the job search process that could be affecting your application.1. You didn’t follow directionsFollow job application instructions to the letter. Always always always format your files to the exact specifications. If it calls for double-spacing, or plain text, or a word limit, observe these guidelines as gospel dogma. And if an essay or a bit of creative work is required, while it is important to show creativity and unique thinking, it is more important not to flaunt the instructions you were given. Within those directions, however, you’re free to think as far outside of the box as you’re allowed.2. You didn’t answer the question(s)If a recruiter or an application asks you for a piece of information, chances are that information is valuable, if not crucial, to their decision-making process. Companies put a great deal into their application materials. Interviewers also. If you’re asked for an answer, give one. Don’t wait to answer certain questions at the interview- if you don’t follow through on what you’re asked, you might never get one!3. You don’t explain the gapsNever simply assume that a recruiter won’t notice a significant gap in your work history. Always account for it in your cover letter, or the resume itself. And don’t be shy about highlighting your professional accomplishments during your work gap.4. You made careless mistakesYou have spellcheck for a reason. At this point in your life, it would be absolutely embarrassing to submit an application, or even just a resume, with any spelling, grammatical, or formatting errors. Or worse, using industry terminology incorrectly. Would you hire someone so careless? No. Proofread at least twice.5. You liedEmbellish nothing. Do not fib. Do not falsely represent yourself or your experience. And do not plagiarize. You will get caught and the consequences will not be good. Better to be 100% truthful and accurate.Have you committed any of these sins? Run through your materials to check and save yourself the potential (possibly inevitable) heartbreak.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Critical Review Assignment Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Review Assignment - Statistics Project Example One of such is to determine the level of utilization of health care in the country. In answering this, the researchers set out to determine the means that people use in seeking medical services. They try to determine the number of people with insurance services and compare the quality of services such people receive from medical facilities to the service accessed by people without insurance policies. Additionally, the researchers analyze the rate at which the medical homes have increased and the rate at which more people show preference to such facilities. They later therefore compare the quality of services that patients receive in such facilities to the conventional medical facilities such as hospitals and dispensaries. The nature of their research and the type of research questions they answer imply that the research covers the entire country. However, such a research is nearly impossible to conduct, they therefore use various sampling techniques to determine their subjects, which they thereafter use in the study and make conclusions denoting to the entire country. After using a number of data collection methods and adequate sampling techniques, the researchers analyze their data and conclude that indeed medical homes are cheaper and offer better services especially to the aged and the poor in the American society. Right from the beginning of the research report, the researchers clearly articulate the issues they seek to study. They have an effective introduction, which offers preliminary information on their research topic. The introduction offers basic information and an adequate background to the questions they study. In this section of the report, they include their research questions, which they cover in proses in an attempt to increase readership of the report. Additionally, researchers have a sequential arrangement of the issues they discuss in their research through clearly labeled sub topics. Under the literature review

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Reputation and talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reputation and talent - Essay Example The most important sustainable issue therefore to be discussed and explore is that of the reputation and talent management. Issues related with the labor, overtimes, low pays and unhygienic working conditions are some of the issues which constantly spring up in the media regarding Foxconn and which is ultimately hurting the reputation of our clients also. Apple has been focus of the controversy due to Foxconn. To successfully deal with this issue and to ensure that such negative publicity do not occur again, it is to be ensured that a systematic and thorough understanding of the Foxconn’s working environment will be conducted. Since Foxconn works in a particular cultural environment also therefore the emphasis would be placed upon helping the world to understand the actual cultural context within which Foxconn operates and how it is going to address all the related issues. In order to overcome the situation, a complete stakeholders’ analysis will be made to address the issue. Most important stakeholders will be taken into consideration and their views and concerns will be addressed. Especially those of Foxconn’s clients which operate into West and are subject to strict regulatory and ethical challenges regarding their operations and supply chain will be taken into consideration also. After discussions and thorough systematic study of the factors contributing towards the negative reputation of the firm, strategies will be recommended. Based upon the factors identified and the overall requirements of the stakeholders, a through change management plan will be implemented to overcome the management weaknesses and other related issues which are contributing towards this. After successful implementation of the plan, it is expected that the numbers of complaints in this regard will be reduced. Further, the employees will be